Occupational Health & Environment

Musculoskeletal Disorders   Introduction     “Musculoskeletal disorders are sprain (i.e. wrist or ankle twist or bending), strain and overuse problems which affect your body’s structure i.e. muscles, ligaments, joints, tendons and nerves that are support limbs, neck and back”.       Musculoskeletal disorders are bodily disorders that are caused by work tasks and working […]

Central Pollution Control Board Introduction       The Central Pollution Control Board is a statutory part of India which works under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The Board was established on 22 September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. This board consists of a chairperson who

Scope of Environment Chemistry Introduction     Environmental Chemistry is the study of chemicals as they pass through our environment and the effects they cause on the air, water, soil, etc. It is an important field of study as it helps us to trace and control contaminants.  Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical processes occurring

Solid Waste Management Overview Definition Type & Source Generation of Solid Waste Collection, Transportation & Segregation of Solid Waste Disposal methods Principles of Waste Management   Solid Waste: Any unwanted or discarded material from residential, agriculture commercial or industrial activities that causes environmental problems is called solid waste. Solid Waste Management: Solid waste management is

Waste Water Treatment (or) Sewage Water Treatment   Introduction           Wastewater treatment is any process, operation or combination of process and operations that makes the wastewater less dangerous and repulsive to man. It is a combination of physical, chemical and biological process. There are three types of operation and process:   Physical unit operation: It

Water Pollution    Definition     Undesirable changed caused in water which make changes in physical, biological and chemical characteristics are called as Water Pollution or Polluted Water.   Causes of Water Pollution Industrial waste Domestic waste Sewage & wastewater Agriculture pesticides & fertilizers Oil spillages (from ships) Marine dumping Acid rain Thermal process (Power Plants)

Heat & Ventilation   Heat       Heat is a form of energy which produces a change in the temperature of any substance. In simple language ‘Heat is defined as the flow of energy from a warm to a cooler object’. The direction of flow of the heat energy takes from the substance of higher

Housekeeping   Definition House Keeping means not only cleanliness but also orderly arrangement of operation tools, equipment, storage facilities and supplies. It is a practice method of increasing production and reducing accident and improving employee’s morale.     5 “S” method 5’S’ was derived from Japanese word which are as follows:   Seiri (sort):  It

Industrial Hygiene Introduction    Industrial hygiene is an art of science devoted to anticipation, recognition evaluation and control of all the factors that arise from the workplace which can cause sickness / illness among the workers.                Industrial Hygiene:        In the first century AD/ Pling the Elder, Roman scholar

Ergonomical Hazards   Introduction It is derived from Greek word “ergo” means work, and “nomos” means rule or law. It simply means “fitting the job to the workers” (right man in the right job OR work should be perform according to law). Ergonomics is defined as the “study of human characteristics in relationship to work

Mechanical Hazards Definition         Hazards which are found in work equipment, machines, appliance, apparatus, tools or during installation (or by horseplay, near miss, etc.) for use at workplace which may results accident or injury (as shown in image) when human body comes in contact.    Work Equipment         Work equipment is any machinery,

Psycho-Social Hazards   Introduction            It occurs through the mental ability in social environment. Factors Over load Prolonged Work schedule Job satisfaction Conflicts among workers   Risk factors/ illness related to Psychological hazard. Anxiety Frustration Depression Stress (occupational stress) Prolonged stress can lead to diabetic, heart disease, obesity, asthma, gastrointestinal problems, ageing & premature death.

Biological Hazards Introduction  Any biological organism or microbe that has the potential to cause harm/ illness or disease is called a biological hazard.         Or Any hazards which causes through biological nature. Example: bacteria, fungi, virus, pathogens.   Diseases Septic infection (Tetanus Injection, T.T.) Fungal infection Brucellosis Anthrax   Brucellosis Brucellosis is a bacterial disease

Physical Hazards Introduction           Hazard which effects physically are termed as Physical hazards. Noise Any unwanted sound is known as noise. It is measured by decibels (db).   NOISE(85 db / 8 hrs in a day) Non-Auditory Auditory (NIHL) NoiseInduced Hearing Loss Insomnia(lack of sleep) TTS – Temporary Threshold Shift PTS – Permanent Threshold Shift